A. Except as provided in sections 33-729 and 33-730, from and after the time of recording as provided in section 33-961, a judgment shall become a lien for a period of ten years after the date it is given on all real property of the judgment debtor in the county in which the judgment is recorded, whether the property is then owned by the judgment debtor or is later acquired. A civil judgment lien obtained by this state and a judgment lien for support, as defined in section 25-500, remain in effect until satisfied or lifted.
B. On the sale of homestead property that is subject to a judgment lien, the judgment creditor shall be paid from the proceeds of the sale after the homestead exemption amount is paid to the judgment debtor as prescribed in section 33-1101 and after payment of any liens on the property that have priority over the judgment lien. After deducting from the proceeds of the sale the amount of any consensual liens and the reasonable costs of sale, if the anticipated payment to the judgment debtor is less than eighty percent of the amount of the homestead exemption prescribed by section 33-1101, a title insurer or its duly appointed attorney in fact may record a notice of partial release of judgment without prior notice to judgment creditors. If the anticipated payment to the judgment debtor is eighty percent of the amount of the homestead exemption prescribed by section 33-1101, the judgment creditor's lien on the homestead property is extinguished on compliance with the following:
1. At least twenty days before the sale is final, a title insurer mails to the judgment creditor by certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, a notice that the judgment lien appears reasonably likely to be extinguished as prescribed by this subsection. The notice must contain all of the following:
(a) The judgment creditor's name.
(b) The name of the current record owner of the real property.
(c) The street address for the property.
(d) The recording reference for the judgment.
(e) The expected sale date on which title to the real property will transfer to the buyer.
(f) The title insurer's basis for determining that the homestead exemption prescribed by section 33-1101 applies to the property being sold.
(g) The information used in, the basis for and the date of calculating the amount of equity in the real property.
(h) The name of every lienholder to be paid at the sale of the real property.
(i) The amount paid to each lienholder at the sale of the real property.
(j) The title insurer's basis for determining that the prior lienholder should be paid before the judgment creditor.
2. The title insurer shall amend the notice prescribed by paragraph 1 of this subsection if the anticipated payment to the judgment debtor increases by more than $10,000.
3. If the judgment creditor has good cause to believe that the judgment lien should not be extinguished, the judgment creditor may object to the title insurer's notice within twenty days after the date the notice is mailed. If the title insurer receives an objection from the judgment creditor within the twenty-day period stating that the judgment lien should not be extinguished, the title insurer may not record the partial release of the judgment lien. If a court later determines that the judgment creditor's objection is without good cause, the prevailing party in that action is entitled to a court order extinguishing the judgment lien on the homestead property and an award of actual damages, court costs and attorney fees and any other remedy provided by law.
4. If the title insurer does not receive an objection from the judgment creditor before the twenty-day period expires, the title insurer may prepare, sign and record a notice of partial release of the judgment lien. The notice of partial release of the judgment lien must specify the real property that is no longer subject to the judgment lien and cite this subsection of statute. The person signing the notice of partial release of the judgment lien must be the title insurer's authorized agent.
5. The title insurer may charge a reasonable fee to the owner of the real property or any other person who requests a notice of partial release of the judgment lien under this subsection for services rendered, including title search, document preparation, official fees and mailing costs.
6. A recorded notice of partial release of the judgment lien is conclusive evidence that the judgment lien on the specified property is extinguished in favor of purchasers and encumbrancers for value. The notice of partial release of the judgment lien does not affect a judgment lien on any other real property.
7. Compliance with this subsection is not presumed, excused, released or altered by a recorded notice of partial release of a judgment lien.
8. In addition to any other remedy provided by law, a title insurer that prepares or records the notice of partial release of the judgment lien under this subsection is liable to any party for the actual damages, including attorney fees and court costs, that are caused by wrongfully recording the notice of partial release of the judgment lien.
9. A judgment creditor may waive the notice requirement prescribed in paragraph 1 of this subsection if the waiver is in writing and signed by the judgment creditor's authorized agent.
C. If the judgment debtor receives cash proceeds from refinancing the homestead property that is subject to a judgment lien, the judgment creditor must be paid in full from those proceeds before the judgment debtor or other person receives any proceeds, except that monies used to pay direct costs associated with the refinance or to satisfy liens with priority over a judgment lien on a homestead property do not constitute cash proceeds. In subsequent refinance transactions on the homestead property that is subject to a judgment lien, the judgment lien is subordinated by operation of law to the new lender's interest in the homestead property. A notice of subordination may be recorded by any person who is a party to that refinance.
D. Any person who records a notice, including a notice of release of a judgment lien as prescribed by this section, shall mail a copy of the recorded notice to the judgment creditor whose judgment lien is affected by that recorded document.
E. A judgment of the justice court, municipal court, superior court or United States court that has become a lien under this article, immediately on the payment or satisfaction of the judgment, shall be discharged of record by the judgment creditor or the judgment creditor's attorney by recording a satisfaction of judgment with the county recorder of the county in which the judgment is recorded. The judgment creditor or the judgment creditor’s attorney shall enter a notation of satisfaction on the docket of the clerk of the superior court of each county in which the judgment has been entered or docketed, and in a like manner enter a notation of satisfaction on the docket of the clerk of the United States district court.
F. In a title IV-D case, if the title IV-D agency or its agent is listed as the holder of the lien and the judgment has been satisfied but the obligee is unwilling to sign the release of the lien or, after reasonable efforts, cannot be located to sign the release of the lien, the title IV-D agency or its agent may sign the satisfaction of judgment and release of lien without the signature of the obligee. The title IV-D agency or its agent shall send a copy by first class mail to the last known address of the obligee.
G. For any sale, transfer or refinance of a judgment debtor's homestead property that is completed before January 1, 2022, a judgment lien does not attach to the homestead property. A judgment lien is not created on the judgment debtor's homestead property if either:
1. A court of competent jurisdiction, including the United States bankruptcy court, has discharged or enjoined enforcement of the judgment before January 1, 2022.
2. There is a bankruptcy petition that is pending before January 1, 2022 for which a discharge is ultimately granted.
H. For any sale, transfer or refinance that is completed on or after January 1, 2022, judgments that are recorded before January 1, 2022 and that are still valid attach to the homestead property, are enforceable and create judgment liens as prescribed by this section. At the time of the sale, transfer or refinance of a homestead property, the following apply to the priority of judgment liens created by this subsection for only the homestead property:
1. Judgment liens are junior to all valid and unpaid consensual liens that existed on the property on or before December 31, 2021.
2. Priority of judgment liens created by this subsection is determined by the date on which the judgment is recorded as prescribed by section 33-961 and, if applicable, is subject to subsection C of this section.
I. For the purposes of this section, "title insurer" has the same meaning prescribed in section 20-1562.