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    A.R.S. § 12-553

    Arizona's Liability Shield for Horse Owners and Stables

    Verified May 17, 2026 • 57th Legislature, 1st Regular Session

    Arizona limits civil liability for horse owners and the operators of stables, rodeo grounds, and similar facilities when a rider is injured handling an equine. The shield requires a signed written release, proper tack, and a suitable equine match. Gross negligence and willful misconduct are not protected.

    Title 12, LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS

    azleg.gov

    What This Statute Says

    Horseback riding carries inherent risk that even careful owners cannot eliminate. Arizona's equine immunity statute reflects that reality.

    An equine owner or an agent of an equine owner who regardless of consideration allows another person to take control of an equine is not liable for an injury to or the death of the person if [the person took control, signed a release, tack was properly installed, and the equine was a suitable match].

    A.R.S. § 12-553(A)

    What the Statute Requires

    All four conditions must be met for the shield to apply:

    • The rider had taken control of the equine when the injury happened.
    • The rider (or parent or guardian for a minor) signed a written release acknowledging the inherent risks.
    • Tack was properly installed by the owner, or the rider used their own tack and accepted responsibility for it.
    • The owner reasonably matched the equine to the rider's stated skills, health, and experience.

    Subsection B removes the shield for gross negligence or willful, wanton, or intentional conduct. Subsection D extends protection to facility owners with similar exceptions, plus an exception for known hazardous conditions that the owner failed to disclose.

    What This Means for Arizona Families

    Arizona's horse culture stretches across nearly every county. Families with equine operations, working ranches, or boarding stables build real wealth into those businesses. This statute is a key piece of the liability picture for that wealth.

    From an estate planning angle, the statute matters in two places. First, if a loved one died from an equine-related injury, the personal representative's wrongful death analysis runs through this shield. Second, if the estate owns an equine business, the release forms and tack procedures the business uses help preserve the value of the operation for heirs. An Arizona estate planning attorney can coordinate with the operation's risk management practices to keep business succession on track.

    A. An equine owner or an agent of an equine owner who regardless of consideration allows another person to take control of an equine is not liable for an injury to or the death of the person if: 1. The person has taken control of the equine from the owner or agent when the injury or death occurs. 2. The person or the parent or legal guardian of the person if the person is under eighteen years of age has signed a release before taking control of the equine. 3. The owner or agent has properly installed suitable tack or equipment or the person has personally tacked the equine with tack the person owned, leased or borrowed. If the person has personally tacked the equine, the person assumes full responsibility for the suitability, installation and condition of the tack. 4. The owner or agent assigns the person to a suitable equine based on a reasonable interpretation of the person's representation of his skills, health and experience with and knowledge of equines. B. Subsection A does not apply to an equine owner or agent of the equine owner who is grossly negligent or commits wilful, wanton or intentional acts or omissions. C. An owner, lessor or agent of any riding stable, rodeo ground, training or boarding stable or other private property that is used by a rider or handler of an equine with or without the owner's permission is not liable for injury to or death of the equine or the rider or handler. D. Subsection C does not apply to an owner, lessor or agent of any riding stable, rodeo ground, training or boarding stable or other private property that is used by a rider or handler of an equine if either of the following applies: 1. The owner, lessor or agent knows or should know that a hazardous condition exists and the owner, lessor or agent fails to disclose the hazardous condition to a rider or handler of an equine. 2. The owner, lessor or agent is grossly negligent or commits wilful, wanton or intentional acts or omissions. E. As used in this section: 1. "Equine" means a horse, pony, mule, donkey or ass. 2. "Release" means a document that a person signs before taking control of an equine from the owner or owner's agent and that acknowledges that the person is aware of the inherent risks associated with equine activities, is willing and able to accept full responsibility for his own safety and welfare and releases the equine owner or agent from liability unless the equine owner or agent is grossly negligent or commits wilful, wanton or intentional acts or omissions.

    This page provides general legal information about Arizona statutes and is not legal advice. For guidance on how this law applies to your situation, speak with a qualified attorney.

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