What This Statute Says
Baseball spectators have long been understood to accept the risk that a foul ball or stray bat might reach the stands. Arizona codifies that "baseball rule" with a clear statutory shield.
An owner is not liable for injuries to spectators who are struck by baseballs, baseball bats or other equipment used by players during a baseball game unless the owner either: 1. Does not provide protective seating that is reasonably sufficient to satisfy expected requests. 2. Intentionally injures a spectator.
A.R.S. § 12-554(A)What the Shield Does Not Cover
The statute keeps two areas of liability open:
- Failure to maintain the stadium in a reasonably safe condition, separate from in-game projectiles.
- Conduct by a registered design professional or licensed contractor that falls below the protective-seating or intentional-injury standard.
"Protective seating" is defined as either a screened area or an area that is reasonably safe from in-game projectiles.
What This Means for Arizona Families
Arizona hosts professional spring training, minor league, college, and youth baseball year-round. Spectator injuries do happen. If a family loses a loved one to a baseball-related injury, this shield will likely be cited by the facility owner. The personal representative bringing a wrongful death claim should expect the protective seating analysis and the maintenance carve-out to drive the case.
From an estate planning angle, families who own or invest in baseball facilities should make sure the operating entity's risk practices line up with this shield. Our FAQ on protecting your family's financial future covers how to bring business risks into the estate plan.